Class6 his ch4

Answer in brief.

Q1. Mention two places in Pakistan and two in India, where Indus sites have been found.

Ans.       Pakistan- Harappa, Mehrgarh

              India- Ropar (Punjab), Kalibangan(Rajasthan)

Q2. What were the two parts into which the Indus cities were divided?

Ans.       The Indus cities were divided in two parts- Upper town and Lower town.

                Upper town was also known as Citadel.

Q3. Give two examples for the advancement of arts in the Indus civilisation.

Ans. Bronze statue of 'Dancing Girl' and Terracotta toys are great example of arts in the Indus Civilisation.

Q4. Write a brief note on the seals of the Indus civilisation.

Ans. Seals of the Indus valley were made of Steatite. These were showing figures of animals with writings on the top. These were square and round in Shape.

Q5. What evidence suggests that the Indus people had trade relations with the Mesopotamians?

Ans. Statue of a Bearded Man found in Indus valley seems to be associated with Mesopotamia and ornaments of Indus valley civilisation have been found from Mesopotamia which shows that there was trade between them.

Answer in Detail

Q1. Explain how improvement in agriculture lead to advancement in lifestyle.

Ans. Improvement in agriculture lead to the advancement in life because surplus production of grains was done due to which people had time to spend on other activities which lead to the development of art and craft, trade, writing skill and many other inventions had been done. This gradual development lead to the development of first civilisation.

Q2. Write a detailed note on the nature of town planning in the Indus cities.

Ans. Indus valley cities were well structured and organised. Harappa and Mohanjodaro werethe main cities of the Indus valley civilisation. Important features of these cities were as follows-

                - All the streets were cutting each other at right angle.

                - The City was divided into two parts- Citadel and lower town. Lower town was residential area for the common people.

                - Citadel was made on high platform, all the public and administrative buildings were there.

                - Houses were build on both the sides of road and were connected with drainage system.

                - All the structures were made of baked bricks.

Q3. What were the foods that the people of the Indus civilisation ate?

Ans.  In Indus civilisation people were cultivating many types of crop. like- Wheat, Barley, Mustered, Sesame, Bajra, Ragi, Jwar and Pulses.

                These crops were used as food by them as well as they were also using fish, meat, milk, date and fruits.

Q4. What do you know about the clothes worn by the people of the Indus Civilisation?

Ans. In Indus valley civilisation people were using cotton and woolen clothes.

                Men wore flowing length of cloth, women wore skirts and both were using shawl to cover their shoulders.

                Men and Women both were using ornaments made of gold, silver and semi precious stone. These ornaments were bangles, earrings and necklaces, etc.

Q5. Write a summary on the religious beliefs of the people of the Indus civilisation.

Ans. From various sites of Indus valley civilisation many remains, like- the figurine of mother goddess and Pipal tree have been found, which tells us about their religious practices.

                They were burying dead bodies wearing ornaments with few pots.

Q6. What could be the reasons for the decline of the Indus civilisation?

Ans.-  No certain cause is known for the decline of the Indus civilisation, but historian suggest that this civilisation might have been destroyed due to flood or earthquakes.

                It is assumed that due to earthquake rivers changed their course with resulted in floods and droughts, which might have caused crops to fail and spread of epidemics.