class7 His ch-2

Short answer type:-

Q1- Write a short note on the Parmaras.

Ans. The Paramaras were Rajput rulers, who were ruling in the Malwa region. They have made ‘Dhar’ as their capital and most important ruler of this dynasty was ‘Raja Bhoj’.

Q2.- Write a Paragraph on the Palas.

Ans- After the decline of Harshvardhana in 647 CE, the whole kingdom broke into small areas and in the Bengal region people selected  a gopala to rule over the kingdom, His son Dharmpala founded the pala Dynasty.

Q3.- Who was Mahmud of Ghazni?  What was the purpose of his invasion of India.

Ans.- Mahmud of Ghazni was the Turkish ruler who invaded India to loot the wealth of the rich Indian cities.

Q4- Write who were the participants and what was the result of  i) The first battle of Tarain

        ii) The second battle of tarain?

Ans.- i) The Battle of Tarain:- This battle was fought between Mohammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan in 1191 AD. This battle was won by Prithviraj Chauhan

                ii) The Second Battle of Tarain:- This battle was also fought between Mohammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 AD. Prithviraj Chauhan lost in this battle and Mohammad Ghori  got control  over Ajmer and Delhi.

Answer in details:-

Q1.- Who were this Rajputs? Why is the period between the 8^th and 12^th centuries  CE known as the Rajput Period in India?

Ans- Rajputs were Kshatriya clans who were ruling in the Rajasthan region. They had established rule over northern plains between 8^th to 12^th Century CE. Due to dominance of Rajputs this period is known as Rajput Period.

Q2.- Who were the Pratiharas? Describe how and where they came to power and how their kingdom ended?

Ans.- With the invasion of Huns at the time of Harshvardhana Gurjara clans came to India and established their rule over Punjab and south Rajasthan. Pratiharas were one of the strongest among them who established kingdom in India in northern plains.

                Their kingdom came to an end due to the invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni, which had weaken the power of Gurjar-Pratiharas.

Q3- Write an essay on the Rashtrakutas dynasty outlining how they built their empire.

Ans.- Rashtrakutas Dynasty was established by Dantidurga after defeating chalukya king. He also conquered Malwa, Kalinga, Kosala and Srisailam.

                He was succeeded by Krishna 1 who had built kailashnath temple at Elora.

                After Krishna 1, Dhruvarsha extended the kingdom and got control over Kannauj after defeating Gurjara-Pratiharas and Palas.

                The last efficient  ruler of the Rashtrakutas was Amoghhvarshan 1. He was known for development in art and literature in Sanskrit and Kannad language.

Q4. Write a summary of the military victories of Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola. Include a note on their army and navy.

Ans.-  Rajaraja chola extended his Kingdom by defeating Pandayas,Cheras and Chalukyas . After defeating them he got control over south India and the part of deccan.

                He was succeeded by his son Rajendra Chola who keep on extending his kingdom. Rajendra Chola defeated Mahipala and got control over the Bengal, Orisa and part of Bihar. He also spread the kingdom overseas by the help of navy over Srilanka, Malaya and Andaman Nicobar Island.

                The Cholas were maintaining Strong Army and Navy. The army consist of infantry, Cavalry and elephant. The best quality horses had been imported from Arabian countries and regular training was given to the forces to maintain their efficiency. They were also holding a powerful navy of that time.

Q5.- Describe Administrative system that prevailed in the Chola Empire.

Ans.- The Administrative system of the chola empire was Strong and organised . Everything was under the direct control of The King.

                The Kingdom was divided into two parts- Directly Administered areas and indirectly administered areas.

Indirectly administered areas were under the control of vassal chief. The directly administered areas were divided into six mandalams. Mandalams were divided into nadu and nadus were divided into Kurams or Kottams.

                The Village administration maintained by local assembly called Urs.

                Mahasabha was the assembly of Brahamanas who had authority to administer their areas but Sabha was under the direct control of officers called adhikaris.

                Sabha consisted of eight committees who were controlling different areas of local administration.