Class 7 History Chapter 6 Ratna Sagar

 Short Answer type Questions:-

Q1. What kind of monuments were build during the medieval period? Give examples to support your answer.

Ans.In early medieval period hindu rulers have built temples in nagara style in north India and in drividian style in south India. ex- Ling raj temple, Brihdeshwar temple, The Shore Temple, etc.

    In Sultanate period and Mughal period many monuments were build, these buildings were following  Indo-Islamic architecture style, ex- Qutub minar, Agra fort, Jama Masjid, etc.

Q2. List the different parts of South Indian temple. Explain any tow of them.

Ans. Different parts of south Indian temples were- Gopuram, garbha griha, mandapa and shikhra.

        Garbhagriha- This was the part of temple were image of god and godesses were kept.

        Mandapa- Mandapa was situated in front of the main shrine, where people were gathering for prayer.

Q3. Which monument is considered to be a masterpiece of indo-islamic architecture? Describe that monument.

Ans. Taj Mahal is the building which is considered as the masterpiece of indo-islamic architecture.

        Taj Mahal was build by Shah Jahan in the memory of her wife Mumtaj Mahal. It is build by over 20,000 labourers in about 22 years. It was build with white marble. 

Q4. Why are Mughal monuments grander and more magnificent than those built in the earlier period?

Ans. Mughal monuments were grander and more magnificent than  those built earlier because

- Mughals have ruled for long period which had given political and financial stability to the kingdom, 

- Due to vast extent of kingdom large collection of revenue was done and this wealth was used in construction of monuments by mughals.

Q5. Write two distinguishing features of Mughal architecture.

Ans. Two distinguishing features of Mughal architecture are- 

            - buildings were surrounded with geometrical gardens with running water, called chahar bagh.

            - Red sand stone and white marble were used for construction.

Q6. What is pietra-dura? Who introduced it? Name one monument in which pietra-dura has been used.

Ans. Pietra-Dura was the art of decorating walls with precious and semi precious stones. In Taj Mahal pitera-dura has been used for decoration.

Q7. Who built the Bara Imambara? Why was it built?

Ans. The Nawab of Lakhnow Asaf-ud-Daula built bara imambara in 1784 to provide work for the famine stricken people of the region.

Long Answer type question:-

Q1. Why did kings in medieval India build monuments?

Ans. The kings of medieval India build monuments to- 

        - show off their wealth, power and position.

        - celebrate their victory in war

        - show their devotion towards god.

    king of medieval period build many monuments, like- temple, mosque, fort, tomb etc.

Q2. Describe the main features of a Chola temple.

Ans. Chola temples were built in dravidian style, its main features are as follows:-

        - The temples were called gopuram. 

        - The image of god and goddesses were kept in garbhgriha.

        - In front of garbhgriha the mandapa was there to gather and worship. 

        - On the top of main shrine a tall structure was there called shikhara.

Q3. What do you understand by Indo-Islamic style of architecture? What were its main features?

Ans. Indo-Islamic style of architecture was the combination of India and Islamic style of architecture, its main features were as follows:-

    - Arch and dome were the part of indo-islamic style of architecture, due to which there was no need to construct pillars to support the roof.

    - Buildings were decorated with floral and geometric designs and verses from the holy Quran were also engraved on walls.

Q4. How did the regional kingdoms contribute to architecture?

Ans. The regional kingdoms of south India and north India had a great contribution in the architecture of medieval period-

    - The examples of North India architecture are- Khajuraho complex built by chandelas, temples of this complex were built in nagara style, like- The Parsvanath temple, the Vishwanath Temple and the Kandariya Mahadev temple.

     Temples of Odisha are also a great example of temples built by regional kingdom, like- Muketeshwar temple, Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar, The sun temple at Puri, etc.

    - The rulers of south Indian kingdoms have built many temples, such as-

        The Pallava kings built the ratha temple and the shore temple at Mahabalipuram and Kailashnath temple at kanchi. Pandayas built many temples in Madurai.

        The cholas built the Brihdeshvara temple at Tanjore. 

Q5. How were the monuments constructed by Shah Jahan different from those of Akbar and Jahangir?

Ans. There was a great difference between the monuments constructed by Shah Jahan from those of Akbar and Jahangir, which are as follows:-

    - The buildings were more uniform and Symmetric than buildings of earlier rulers.

    - During Akbar and Jahangir red sandstone was used in construction, during Shah Jahan white marble were preferred.

    - Wall began to be decorated by precious and semi- precious stones, it was called pietra-dura.