Class7 his Ch10

Q1. Ans.- Reason for the decline of Mughals are as follows-

                - Policy of Aurangzeb about Rajput, Jat, Sikhs and Marathas.

                - Aurangzeb was continuously  in battle with Rajput, Sikh and Marathas on different fronts, Which had weaken empire economically.

                - Many areas declare free from Mughals control as troops were busy in fighting.

                - Revenues Collection decline as many areas declare them self free from the control of Mughals.

                - Weak successors, who were unable to control and keep the empire unit.

Q2. Ans.- Kingdom of Hyderabad was established by Qilich Khan in 1724 CE and ruled in semi-independent form under mughal empire. He had been given titles of Nizam-ul-mulk and Asaf Jha. His successors were called Nizam of Asaf Jahi.

                Qilich Khan maintained relation with adjoining kingdoms like- Mughals and Marathas. Asaf jahi Dynasty ruled till 1948. In 1948 Hyderabad was merged with India.

Q3. Ans.- Bengal was established as Independent state by Murshid Kuli Khan. He was appointed as diwan later made the governor of Bengal. He changed the capital from Dhaka to Murshidabad. Kuli Khan died and succeeded by his son-in-law Shujauddaulah.

                In 1740 CE Alivardi Khan attacked over Bengal after defeating Sarfaraz Khan, The son of Sujauddaulah.

                Alivardi Khan was succeeded by Sirajuddaulah. In 1757 CE Battle of Plassy was fought between British and Sirajuddaulah and Sirajuddaulah was defeated and Bengal went under indirect control of British.

Q4. Ans.- Sikh were annoyed with the act and policies of Mughal rulers such as fifth Sikh Guru Arjun Dev  was killed by Jahangir for helping Shah Jahan in rebel against him.

                When 9th Guru Guru Teg Bahadur Singh was executed by Aurangzeb then Tenth Guru Gobind Singh formed the army Khalsa to fight against Mughals.

Q5. Ans.- Shivaji was a great ruler who was assisted by the group of eight ministers called Ashtapradhans. All the ministers were lead by Peswa or the prime minister. Senapati  was The Commander of army.

                Shivaji was collecting two-fifth of the land's produce from the areas of his direct control and the areas who were under mughals or other rulers were also paying tax to them which was called chauth and sardeshmukhi.

Q6. Ans.- After Sahuji the power of maratha kingdom came in the hand of Peswa Balaji Viswanath. His successor Baji Rao I extended the kingdom over Gujrat, Bengal, Malwa and Bundelkhand. He had attacked over Mughals and defeated Nizam of Hyderabad, as Nizam of Hyderabad was protecting Mughals. Mughals after this defeat gave right to collect tax to Marathas from Mughal Territory. Nizam of Hyderabad was forced to sign treaty with Marathas.

                Balaji Baji Rao become the next Peswa in 1740 CE. he made his capital at Pune. He had captured Delhi and Punjab, during his rule Marathas power was at peak.