Class 6 His Ch 7 Ratna Sagar

Short Answer Type Questions

 Q1. What were the four Sights that Prince Siddhartha is believed to have seen?

Ans. The four sights that Prince Siddhartha had seen were:-

        - A very old person

        - A sick man 

        - A dead body

        - An Ascetic, which was appeared un affected by the Pain, Sorrow and misery.

Q2. What are the four noble truths preached by the Buddha?

Ans. The four noble truths preached by the Buddha were:-

        - The world is full of Suffering.

        - The main cause of suffering is desire.

        - One must get rid of desire to end suffering.

        - To end desire and hence suffering, one must follow the eight-fold path.

Q3. What did Mahavira say about the caste system?

Ans. Mahavira did not believe in cast system. He said that an individual has taken birth in particular cast according to their good and bad deeds of his previous birth.

Q4. What are the Upanishads? What do they give importance to?

Ans. Upanishads were the book written by different thinkers who were trying to find the true meaning of life. In Upanishads they gave importance to worship of one god.

Long Answer Type Questions:-

Q1. What were the main teachings of the Buddha?

Ans. The main teachings of the Buddha consists of four noble truths an the eight-fold path.

The four noble truths were-

  - The world is full of Suffering.

  - The main cause of suffering is desire.

  - One must get rid of desire to end suffering.

  - To end desire and hence suffering, one must follow the eight-fold path.

The Eight-fold path 

    - Right thought

    - Right belief

    - Right speech

    - Right action

    - Right means of livelihood

    - Right effort

    - Right memory

    - Right meditation

Q2. What were the main teachings of Mahavira?

Ans. The Mahavira believed in leading simple life. He was against religious rituals and sacrifices. He was in favor of non- injury and considered unconscious killing of any insect as a sin.

    He said that the goal of life is to set soul free from the cycle of birth and death which could be achieved through the tri-ratnas of the tri-ratnas or the three jewels of life, which are as follows-

- Right Belief

- Right Knowledge

- Right Action.

Q3. Why did Buddhism and Jainism become popular?

Ans. The reason behind the popularity of Buddhism and Jainism are as follows:-

    - They were easy to practice

    - The language of preaching of both was of common people, which could be understood by them easily.

    - Both did not had belief in cast system, Social equality attracted the lower castes people.

Q4. What do the Upanishads contain?

Ans. The Upanishads contained the thinking of many religious teachers and saints. These mostly contained contents related to -

- Ideal human conduct

- Creation of the world

- Creation of man

- The practice of yoga

- meditation

- karma

- Truths about the life and death

    Mostly in every Upanishads importance was given to worship of one god.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Ratna Sagar

 Long Answer type Questions:-

Q1. Classify mountains of the basis of their origin. Explain each type.

Ans. Classification of mountains on the basis of their origin are as follows:-

        Fold Mountains- These mountains are the youngest mountains of the world, such mountains are created when two tectonic plates are pushing each other in opposite direction. Himalaya is the example of youngest fold mountain.

        Block Mountains- When cracks are caused in the earth crust due to tensional forces then these faults can break the crust into blocks. Due to rise of these blocks, block mountain is formed. It has steep slops and flat top.

        Volcanic Mountains- Accumulation of hot magma around the vent of the volcano due to regular eruption, which forms a cone shaped mountain. Such conical mountains are called Volcanic Mountains.

Q2. Explain the process involved in the formation of mountains.

Ans. The Process involved in the formation of mountains are as follows:-

        Fold Mountains- These mountains are the youngest mountains of the world, such mountains are formed when two tectonic plates are pushing each other in opposite direction. Himalaya is the example of youngest fold mountain.

        Block Mountains- When cracks are caused in the earth crust due to tensional forces then these faults can break the crust into blocks. Due to rise of these blocks, block mountain is formed. It has steep slops and flat top.

        Volcanic Mountains- Accumulation of hot magma around the vent of the volcano due to regular eruption, which forms a cone shaped mountain. Such conical mountains are called Volcanic Mountains.

Q3. How are mountains useful to us?

Ans. Mountains are useful to us in following ways:-

        - They help in condensation of moisture by forcing the winds to rise.

        - They act like a barrier against cold and hot wind.

        - Rivers originating from mountains provide water throughout the year.

        - The mountain slops have rich pastures and valuable forest.

        - It provide sites for building dams for the generation of hydroelectricity.

        - In summer mountains serve as tourist and health resorts.

        - Some mountains have rich reserves of minerals.

Q4. How do mountains differ from plateaus?

Ans. Mountains differ from plateaus in many ways such as:-

        - Mountains are very high but plateaus have less height then that.

        - Mountains have conical peaks but plateaus have flat top.

Q5. What is the significance of plains for human beings?

Ans. Significance of plains for human beings are as follows:-

        - Plains are source of food grain, fruits and vegetable for the world. As Plains provide support to infrastructure development. 

        -  Most of the important cities are developed in plains because life is easier in plains.

        - Transportation is easier in plains compare to plateaus or mountains.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Ratna Sagar

 Short Answer type questions:-

Q1. What are the main elements of weather and climate?

Ans. The main elements of weather and climate are-

        - Temperature of atmosphere

        - Atmospheric Pressure

        - Winds

        - Humidity 

        -  Precipitation

Q2. How is the atmosphere heated?

Ans. Insolation is absorbed by the earth surface and heat absorbed in day time is radiated back in the atmosphere, which is absorbed and maintained by greenhouse gasses near the surface of earth.

Q3. What do you mean by humidity in the atmosphere? How do we express it?

Ans. At a particular temperature the ratio of the moisture holding capacity and the actual amount of moisture present in atmosphere represents the level of humidity. 

Q4. Name the different forms of condensation and precipitation.

Ans. Different forms of condensation are- due, fog and clouds.

Long Answer type Questions:- 

Q1. Explain the factors responsible for the changes in atmospheric pressure on the earth's surface.

Ans. The factors responsible for the change in atmospheric pressure on the earth's surface are as follows:-

- Unequal heating of the earth- Different parts of the earth receives different level of insolation, which depends upon distance from the equator, when we move towards poles then the amount of radiation received by earth surface decreases in both hemisphere.

- Deflection of wind- due to earth rotation pressure belts are also affected and the earth is divided into seven pressure belts.

Q2. Describe the main features of planetary winds.

Ans. The main features of planetary winds are as follows:-

        - It blows in a particular direction throughout the year.

        - It is formed because of the presence of permanent high and low pressure belts on the surface of the earth.

Q3. How does the amount of moisture in the atmosphere vary from place to place and also from time to time?

Ans. The amount of moisture in the atmosphere vary from place to place and from time to time because-

    - The air in the equatorial region has more moisture than other regions of the world.

    - The air has more moisture during the summer than winter season.

    - The amount of moisture increases with increase in height above the sea level.

    - The amount of moisture is almost zero in the cold air of the polar region during the winter months.

Q4. Name and explain the various types of rainfall.

Ans. The various types of rainfall are as follows:-

        - Convectional Rainfall- Air gets heated after coming in contact with earth and becomes lighter. It rises up and become cooler with increase in height, which leads to condensation and formation of cumulus clouds, these clouds cause rainfall with thunder and lightning. Such type of rainfall is experienced every near the equator.

        - Orographic rainfall- When the moist air ascend along the slop of any mountain, then it leads to condensation and formation of clouds and cause rainfall. Such type of rainfall is experienced in areas near the mountains.

        - Cyclonic Rainfall- Cyclones are formed in warm sea, the air present here creates low pressure and cold wind blow towards these areas, when cold and warm wind comes in contact the lighter warm wind rides the cold wind, which increase the height of the warm air and condensation takes place in the warm air and rainfall takes place in along the path of cyclone.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Ratna Sagar

 Short Answer type Questions:-

Q1. Name the continents in increasing order of their size.

Ans. Names of the continents in increasing order of their size are as follows:-

                Australia, Europe, Antarctica, South America, North America, Africa, Asia.

Q2. Name the oceans in increasing order of their size.

Ans. Names of the oceans in increasing order of their size are as follows:-

                Arctic ocean, Indian ocean, Atlantic ocean, Pacific ocean.

Q3. What is the composition of the atmosphere?

Ans.  Clean dry are contains 78% of Nitrogen, 21% of Oxygen and 1% other gases, like- Caron dioxide, neon, ozone, hydrogen, etc.

                Water vapour, dust particles, smoke, salt, etc. are also present in air.

Q4. Name the different layers of the atmosphere.

Ans. Different layers of atmosphere are as follows:-

-          Troposphere

-          Stratosphere

-          Mesosphere

-          Thermosphere

-          Exosphere

Q5. What are the main elements of the biosphere?

Ans. Plants, animals, human beings and microbes are some important components of biosphere, which are interdependent on one another.

Long Answer type questions:-

Q1. Write about at least one important physical feature of each continent.

Ans.  Important physical feature of each continent are as follows-

-          Asia- Himalaya is the highest mountains and the Tibet is the highest plateau of the world is found here.

-          Africa-  it has Vast desert like- Sahara and Great Rift valley.

-          North America-  Western costal area contain high mountains and plateaus, which is the part of ring of fire of pacific ocean.

-          South America- Andes mountains spreading through the west coast from Caribbean sea in the north to Cape Horn in the south.

-          Antarctica- this continent is always covered under thick layer of ice, so it is also called White continent.

-          Europe- This continent has alpine system which is a chain of high mountains extending from the Atlantic ocean in the west to the Caspian sea in the east.

-          Australia- The Great barrier reef is a found here along the north eastern coast, which is built by corals.

Q2. What is the importance of oceans for human beings?

Ans. The importance of oceans for human beings is as follows:-

-          It is the main source of moisture in atmosphere.

-          It also regulates the atmospheric temperature.

-          It is the source of various kinds of minerals and chemicals.

-           It is also the main source of fish and other marine life.

-          It provides free and permanent route for travel and trade.

-          Tidal energy is used to generate electricity.

-          Common salt is obtained from the ocean.

-          Shortage of drinking water can be solved by treating ocean water.

Q3. What is the importance of the atmosphere?

Ans.  Importance of the atmosphere is as follows:-

-          It prevents sun’s radiation and ultraviolet rays from reaching to earth surface.

-          It acts like a greenhouse and keeps earth surface warm and prevent the extremes of temperature during day and night.

-          Atmospheric pressure depends upon the temperature and pressure difference between two places cause wind, movement of wind helps in condensation of moisture and precipitation.

-          Weather changes are result of presence of atmosphere around the earth surface.

-          Sound waves are transmitted due to presence of air.

Q4. How are human beings disturbing the delicate balance of nature?

Ans.  Human beings are completely dependent on nature for fulfilling all their needs. Excessive use of natural resources cause pollution in the environment, such as-

-          Burning of fossil fuel cause environmental pollution and causing acidic rain.

-          Deforestation for timber and agricultural land cause global warming, land erosion and destroying wild life.

-          Use of fertilizers and insecticides causing water pollution and disturbing aquatic life.

-           Hunting of animals and cutting of forest has made many species extinct and many are endangered.

-          Waste material produced by the humans dumped over the land and causing degradation of land.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 5 Ratna Sagar

 Short answer type questions:-

Q1. What is the importance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Ans. The carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere is important for the growth of plants.

Q2. Name the different layers of the atmosphere and their extent.

Ans. The different layers of the atmosphere and their extent are as follows:-

        - Troposphere - near poles about 8 km and near equator around 18 km.

        - Stratosphere - From around 15 to 50 km.

        - Mesosphere - From 50 to 80 km.

        - Thermosphere - From 80 to 800 km.

        - Exosphere - from 800 (upper limit is unknown)

Q3. Which layer of the atmosphere is most important for us and why?

Ans. Troposphere is the most important layer because:-

        - all weather phenomena occur in this layer

        - It protects us from excessive heat of the sun and keeps the earth's surface warm at night. 

        - it contains Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, etc. 

Q4. Explain the main features of the atmosphere.

Ans. The main features of the atmosphere are as follows:-

        - It contains all the Gasses essential for existence of life, like- Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbon dioxide.

        - It prevents sun's ultraviolet rays from reaching to the earth.

        - Change in weather is due to presence of atmosphere.

Long answer type questions:-

Q1. Describe the main features of the composition of the atmosphere.

Ans. The main features of the composition of the atmosphere are as follows:-

        - Air is the mixture of Gasses, in which nitrogen is 78% and oxygen is 21%, rest 1% contains all the other gasses, like- Argon, Carbon dioxide, Ozone, Hydrogen, etc.

        - Water vapour , dust particles and smoke is present in the lower layer of the atmosphere.

        - Heavier gasses like:- Oxygen, is mostly found near earth surface, with increase in height their concentration decrease.  

Q2. Explain the importance of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere.

Ans. The Nitrogen and Oxygen both are essential for the existence of life on the surface of earth. 

    Nitrogen is required by plants for growth, but it can't be absorbed directly from air, it is converted into compounds which can be absorbed by plants through roots.

     Oxygen is required by living organism to breath, so it is most important for the existence of life on the surface of earth. It is formed in nature by plants through photosynthesis. 

Q3. What are the main features of the troposphere?

Ans. The main features of the troposphere are as follows:-

        - It is the bottom most layer of the atmosphere which only contain water vapour and     dust particle.

        - Weather phenomena like-  the formation of clouds, fog, frost, dew, thunder, lightning,  precipitation, etc., occur in this layer.

        - The temperature in this layer decreases with increasing altitude, at the increase of every 165m the temperature decrease by 1°C. It is called normal lapse rate.

        - It contain 90% of the air in the atmosphere.

Q4. What is the significance of the atmosphere of the earth?

Ans. Significance of the atmosphere of the earth are as follows:- 

         - It contains all the Gasses essential for existence of life, like- Oxygen, Nitrogen and   Carbon dioxide.

        - It prevents sun's ultraviolet rays from reaching to the earth.

        - Change in weather is due to presence of atmosphere.

        - It acts like green house and controls the extremes of temperature during day and night.

        - It shields us from meteors.

Class 7 Civics chapter 5 Ratna Sagar

 Short answer type questions:- 

Q1. How does the media protect the democratic interests of the people?

Ans. The Media protects the democratic interest by spreading awareness about the problems and benefits of existing system, which helps them in their decision making about public affairs.

Q2. List four objectives of the media?

Ans. Four objectives of the media are as follows:-

        - Separation of news from opinion.

        - Not to give one-sided account of event.

        - Give only reports which are based on facts.

        - Avoid adding sensation in the news.

Long answer type questions:-

Q1. What is the social responsibility of the media?

Ans. The social responsibility of the media are as follows:-

        - provide accurate and detailed account of event.

        - provide platform for common people to share their views and ideas.

        media provide information based on fact to aware people about the social and political situation of the nation as well as inform about the policies and programmes of the government, it plays a major role in creating public opinion and develop ability to take right decision.

Q2. 'Journalists should be able to operate with impartiality.' What do you understand by this statement?

Ans. 'Journalists should be able to operate with impartiality.' The media see through journalists, so independent journalism is very important for media to function in a impartial manner, Journalists should cover and inform about each and every event without favoring anyone. The media should always feel their responsibility about the people of the nation and not about any political party of business house and give complete freedom to the journalists.

Class 6 History chapter 6 Ratna Sagar

 Short Answer type Questions:-

Q1. What are the sources that tell us about the early kingdoms?

Ans. The vedic texts, such as the Brahmanas and the Upnishads and Buddhist texts, such as the Jataks Tales are the sources which tells us about the early kingdoms.

Q2. Write short note on monarchical mahajanapadas.

Ans. Some mahajanapadas had monarchy, these were ruled by the king and position of king was hereditary, so the king was succeeded by his son. 

Q3. Beside agriculture, what were the other sources of revenue?

Ans. Beside agriculture tax was also collected from craftsmen, such as carpenters, potters and weavers, tax was also taken on buying and selling of goods.

Q4. How did towns emerge? Name some important town of this period.

Ans. Growth in trade and craft developed villages into town. Ujjayini, Vaishali, Ayodhya and champa were some important town of this period.

Long Answer type Questions:- 

Q1. How did the small tribes of earlier period give way to large kingdoms?

Ans. After vedic age the small tribes know as jana have grown by the use of better tools and weapons made of iron, which helped them in expansion of their agricultural land by clearing the forest. The strength of their rulers increased due to increase in tax collection from agriculture and craft. These powerful tribes were called janapadas, which later grew and become more powerful, these large kingdoms were called Mahajanapadas.

Q2. What changes in agriculture helped farmers to produce more?

Ans. There were two important changes in agriculture which helped farmers, those changes are as follows-

    - Use of Iron plough at the place of wooden plough. Iron plough was efficient than wooden plough.

    - The process of transplantation of paddy was developed and used which lead to the growth of agricultural produce.

Q3. Which factors led to an increase in trade during this period?

Ans. Various factors led to an increase in trade during this period, which are as follows:-

        - Introduction of money, which made trade easier.

        - Rulers, like- Bimbisara, the king of magadh had connected different areas of his kingdom through roads. better connectivity between areas boost trade.

Q4. Name the four varnas. What tasks did each perform?

Ans. The four varnas were- Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.

        - Brahmanas were worshiping god and conducting religious rituals.

        - Kshatriyas were fighting to protect their clan.

        - Vaishyas were involved in trade and agriculture.

        - Shudras were serving the other three groups.