Class6 his ch6

Answer in brief.

Q1. A state is a political organisation that has sovereignty over geographical area, which means government is free to take any decision without being in influence of anyone.

Q2. Main sources of information about later vedic period  are Buddhist, Jain and Vedic texts, for example- The Jatak Tales, The Brahmanas, The Upanishads and The Ramayana and Mahabharata.

                Many archeological evidences of this period have also been found, like the northern black polished ware.

Q3. The Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) is the type of pottery associated with the later Vedic Period.

Q4. The two types of early states were- Republic states and Monarchies.

Q5. Two Monarchies were Magadha and Avanti and two republics were Vajjis and Yadavas.

Q6. The Punched marked coins were the coins of Silver and Copper on which symbols of hills and trees were punched.

Q7. Two types of tax collected by the rulers of Mahajanapadas were agriculture tax and trade tax.

Answer in Details.

Q1. Difference between monarchies and republic that emerged in later vedic period are-

                - In monarchy the position of king was hereditary where as in republic the Ganapati was a elected.

                -   In monarchy whole power was in the hand of King where as in republic the assembly was playing a vital role in the decision making.

Similarities between monarchies and republic in later vedic period are-

                - In monarchies as well as in republic different types of taxes were collected from the people.

                - Both the powers were maintaining strong army.

Q2. i) Bimbisara- Bimbisara was the king of Haryanka dynasty. It is the first known kingdom of the Magadh.  His capital was in Rajgriha. He set up strong administration and built an extensive network of roads and communication. He had strengthened his kingdom by annexing Anga.

          Ajatashatru- Ajatashatru was the son of King Bimbisara. He had seized the power after killing his father. He was interested in religious matters, specially of Buddhism. He had shifted his capital from Rajgriha to Patliputra . He expended his kingdom by annexing kosala and Vrijji.

Q3. Magadha grew as a powerful state because of many reason, which are as follows-

                - Availability of forest timber and elephant. Timber was used for buildings and elephant were used in Army.

                - it was situated on the bank of river Ganga which allowed rulers to control trade.

                - Port city Champa was under the control of Magadha.

                - It was with abundant Iron and Copper deposits, which was used for making weapons and tool.

                - Fertile Gangetic plain gave rise to agriculture which had strengthened it economically.

Q4. Republics were the group of different clan. Representative of all clans were collectively making the assembly, The leader of assembly was called Ganapramukh. The Position of Ganapramukh was not hereditary and members of assembly were selecting Ganapramukh by voting. All the decisions were taken by the assembly after discussion on topics or problems by the help of voting.