class7 his ch5

Answer in brief.

Q1. In Nagara style temples shikhara was build above the garbhagriha, which was tapered upward. Above shikhara the amalka and kalasa were build.

Q2. Main Characteristics of Temples of central india was the presence of double amalka, small amalka was placed over the large amalka. Kalasa was placed over smaller amalka.

Q3. Seven historical cities of the Delhi are:-

                Lalkot

                Siri

                Tughlaqabad

                Jahapanah

                Firoz Shah Kotla (Firozabad)

                Purana Qila

                Shahjahanabad

Q4. Four distinctive features of Islamic architecture were:-

                - Arches and Domes

                - Calligraphy

                - Mihrab

                - Minar

Q5.         Islamic tradition- use of geometric patterns and calligraphy

                Indian tradition- use of lotus and wheel

Q6. The Red Fort is a palace- fortress in which there is the Diwan-i-Aam, The Diwan-i-Khash and the Rang Mahal and many other buildings were build. Palace were build with decorated walls of marble and the ceiling was covered with golden decorations.

Answer in details:-

Q1. In the history many buildings has been built by different rulers which includes religious as well as secular buildings. These buildings were build to show their power and wealth. The bigger, the grander, the buildings, the richer and more powerful rulers had been considered.

Q2.

Q3. The style of architecture used in south Indian temples were different from north Indian style. South Indian style of architecture was called Dravidian style, this style was used to build temples. Main features of Dravidian style of architecture are as follows:-

                - Vimana a tall structure over garbhagriha,its size was decreasing with the height.

                - presence of gateway or gopuram toped by kalasa.

Q4. The monuments built during the sultanate period were the beginning of Islamic Architecture style which were also influenced with the Indian architecture style as the Indian craftsman were used to make these buildings. Important features of these buildings were Arches and Domes. Some of the improtant buildings build in this period were Quwwat ul Islam Mosque, Dhai Din ka Jhopra, Alai Darwaza, Qutb Minar, etc.

Q5. Akbar was a great ruler, who build many monuments like- Fortresses of Agra, Lahor and Allahabad. He had established Fatehpur Sikri city near Agra. He build 'Buland Darwaja' a big gateway to the Jama masjid to celebrate victory the over the Deccan. In Fatehpur Sikri city every building was built by the use of red stone.

Q6. The Taj Mahal is included in the eight wonders of the world due to its beauty, delicate and symmetrical against perfect backdrop of the river Yamuna. It was built by Shahjahan in the memory of his wife Mumtaj Mahal. its design is influenced by Persian style which is decorated by Pietra Dura and Calligraphy work on the Walls, the whole structure is build by the white marble situated on a high platform which is square in shape with a bulbous central dome with minarets on the four corners of the platform.

Q7. The period of Shahjahan  is known as the golden period of architectural development. He built many grand and beautiful buildings, Taj Mahal is one of the best example of his buildings. He build in Persian style with the use of white marble, these buildings were decorated by use of calligraphy and Pietra Dura.

                Due to his beautiful and grand buildings he has been considered as an outstanding  builder, for example Moti Masjid of Agra, Sheesh Mahal of Lahor, Jama Masjid of Delhi, etc. He had also constructed the seventh city of Delhi named as Shahjahanabad.