class6 his ch8

Q1.-Alexander and his army were fighting continously from 10 years, They were tired of fighting and by listening the glory of the army of Nanda's they refuse to move forward, due to which Alexander not continue his campaign.

Q2- Chandragupta taken over Kabul, Herat, Kandhar and Baluchistan after the defeat of Seleukos.

Q3- Shrenis were the group of people who were following similar profession,like- Shrenis of gold smith, Shrenis of Potter, etc.

Q4- The Branches of the Mauryan Army were as follows:-

- Cavalry -Elephants

- Infantry -Transport

- Chariots - Navy

Q5- Historians have suggested many possible reasons for the decline of mauryan empire, which are as follows:-
- weak financial condition due to heavy expenditure on public welfare 
- lack of army strength due to policy of non-violence

Answer in Details:- 

Q1- Chandragupt established a large empire with the help of Kautilya, Chandragupt first attacked and conquered the outer part of the Magadha which was weakened by the invasion of Alexander's invasion. He grew his power and in 321 BCE he conquered Patliputra the capital of Magadha and established a large kingdom spreading from Magadha to Punjab.

Q2- Ashoka fought only one battle in his life with the Kalinga which lead to a great sorrow after looking the dead bodies of solders and blood spreaded all around, he had chosen the path of non-violence and adopted Buddhism. He also made a collection of moral teachings to be followed by the people, which was engraved on the rock pillars and plates all around his kingdoms.These collection of moral teachings were known as Ashoka's dhamma.

Q3- Important features of the administration of Mauryan empire was as follows:-

                -The King was taking decision on the advice of privy council or mahamantriparishad.

                - Empire was stratified into different level, Empire was divided into provinces, provinces into Districts, Districts into Villages.

                - Every level was administered by officials

                                Provinces - Pradeshikas

                                Districts  -  Sthanikas

                                Village  -  Gramin

Q4-  Nature of trade and industries are as follows:-

                - Agriculture was the main occupation

                - Various kind of industries were of crafts, like:- Textiles, Wooden and ivory objects, perfumes,

                  pottery, jwellery etc.

                - Mauryans had trade relation with Greek Kingdoms of Central Asia and Middle East through land routes.

               - Guilds of different trade groups were there to help and regulate the trade.