Class7 civ ch7

Answer in details:-

Q1. How have markets, and the methods of exchange, changed over time?

Ans.- Initially when people had surplus production, they were exchanging with others to get the combination of things. The behavior of exchange lead to the increase in demand of various goods produced through agriculture and craft. Instead of searching for person to exchange people started gathering at a particular place once in a week which helped in development of weekly markets.

                By the time people adopted trading as a profession and developed permanent shops. when many traders started living at one place then the market developed and for the ease of exchange precious things were used, later the concept of money simplified the exchange process and lead to the development of market to larger extent.

Q2. Discuss in detail the various stage involved in the making of a product and its movement to the consumer.

Ans.- The various stage involved in the making a product and its movement to the customer are as follows-

Marketing- it helps in the development of the product through feedback of customers.

Production- Process of conversion of raw material in to finished goods

Transportation- carrying finished goods to the market

Storage- Maintenance of inventory  by wholesalers or retailer

Selling -  process of transfer of goods in exchange of money

After-sales service- to maintain the better satisfaction level and feedback of the consumer.

Q3. What are the different types of markets? Discuss in detail.

Ans.- Different types of market are as follows-

                i. Wholesale market

                ii. Retail market

                                a. Weekly markets

                                b. Neighborhood shops

                                c. Super markets

                                d. Malls

                                e. Online stores

Q4. What are the differences between wholesalers and retailers?

Ans.- Wholesaler- Wholesaler buy goods in bulk from producer.

                         They sell it in smaller lots to the retailer

                         They sell goods at low price than retailers

          Retailer- They buy goods from wholesaler

                         The sell to customer/consumer in small quantities

                       They sell on cost-plus pricing method or on print rate

Q5. Discuss the role of a retailer in marketplace.

Ans.-  Retailer is at the end of the distribution chain and are directly in contact with the consumer or customer, Their role at marketplace are as follows-

            - Act as a link between producer and customer

            - Promote or attract customers towards any particular brand

            - Maintain stock of highly demanded items

            - Maintain display of available products to attract customers

            - Provide feedback about the product

Q6. What are the factors determining people's choice of markets?

Ans.- Availability, convenience, quality, prices and credit availability are some major factors which determines the people's choice of market, as people use to take stress of buying according to the type of product and convenient in terms of distance.

Class6 civ ch8

Q1. What do most people do for a living

                a) in the villages and b) in towns?

Ans.- Many activities people do for their living which are as follows-

                a) In the villages people do agriculture, potter, masons, teacher etc.

                b) In towns people mostly work in secondary and tertiary sector, like- Banking, health, education, administration, manufacturing industries etc,

Q2. What do you understand by unemployment?

Ans.- Lack of employment in society is called unemployment.

Q3. Why does the government provide loans to self-help groups?

Ans.- The government provide loans to self-help groups to start small and cottage industries.

Q4. Differentiate between primary, secondary and tertiary occupations.

Ans.- Primary occupation- Activities associated with obtaining from or utilising  the nature is primary occupation. like- Agriculture, mining etc.

Secondary occupation- Activities associated with the conversion of raw material into finished goods is called secondary sector. like- textile, Food processing, tools and machine manufacturing, etc.

Tertiary Occupation-  activities associated with serving others is called tertiary occupation. like- Education, Banking, healthcare, etc.

Q5. Give two examples of primary, secondary and tertiary occupations.

Ans.-        Primary Occupation- Farming, Fishing

                Secondary occupation- Textile, food processing

                Tertiary occupation- Health, Education

Q6. Name some of the non-agricultural activities in a village.

Ans.- Potter, Carpenter, Construction, Teaching, metal smith, shop keeping are some non-agricultural activities in a village. 

class6 civ ch7

Q1. Name the three main authorities at the district level.

Ans.- Three authorities at the district level are:-

                - District Collector

                - Deputy Commissioner

                - District Magistrate

Q2. Emplain the terms 'Tehsil' and 'Tehsildar'.

Ans.-Tehsil is the subdivision of District and Tehsildar look after its administration.

Q3. What are the major functions of the collector?

Ans.-  The Major functions of the collector are as follows-

                - Land and Revenue administration

                - Maintaining law and order

                - Overseeing the activities of local self government

                -  Coordination of the activities of other agencies/departments of the state.

Q4. Write a note on the changing role of the district collector.

Ans.- The collector was holding all the responsible for all essential services, land revenue administration, execution of rural development programmes, managing disasters and maintenance of law and order.

                By the time role of District Collector has been changed and now he/she acts as a Coordinator and facilitator for the local self government at different levels.

Q5. Write the full form of IAS and IPS.

Ans.- IAS- Indian Administrative Service

          IPS- Indian Police Service